Research progress of multiple MRI-based radiomics in glioma / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Imaging histology plays a key role in the diagnosis of tumors, prognostic assessment, and evaluation of tumor response to therapy. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging histology can link the imaging histological presentation of a tumor to its molecular phenotype, offering greater advantages in the grading of gliomas and in the prediction and prognosis of treatment response. It utilizes conventional and advanced techniques to differentiate brain tumors from non-neoplastic lesions and can be used for the diagnosis of gliomas and the differentiation of gliomas from brain metastases. Semi-automated and automated tumor segmentation techniques have also been developed for the assessment of the recurrence of gliomas. In this review paper, the research progress in multimodal MRI imaging histology was reviewed, including the prediction of important molecular biological markers of glioma, graded diagnosis of glioma, differential diagnosis with brain metastases, and assessment of postoperative recurrence.

The application of multimodal MRI in radiotherapy for patients with high-grade glioma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatments of high-grade gliomas (HGG).Currently,there has been no consensus on the standards for the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) based on the simulated computed tomography (CT) scanning and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).As the radiological technology advances,researchers have found that the application of multimodal MRI including 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS),blood oxygenation level dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI),diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can evaluate the range of HGG invasion and locate the surrounding vital tissues,thereby serving as a supplement for the delineation of target volume and protection of organs at risk.Moreover,multimodal MRI can be utilized to evaluate the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy,detect the radiation-induced injury and differentiate the progressive disease from pseudoprogression.In this article,the application of multimodal MRI in the postoperative radiotherapy for patients with high-grade glioma was reviewed.

Monitoring Value of Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Disease Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Prospective Observational Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Ongoing efforts have been made to identify new neuroimaging markers to track amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression. This study aimed to explore the monitoring value of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the disease progression of ALS.@*Methods@#From September 2015 to March 2017, ten patients diagnosed with ALS in Peking Union Medical College Hospital completed head MRI scans at baseline and during follow-up. Multimodal MRI analyses, including gray matter (GM) volume measured by voxel-based morphometry; cerebral blood flow (CBF) evaluated by arterial spin labeling; functional connectivity, including low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), measured by resting-state functional MRI; and integrity of white-matter (WM) fiber tracts evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging, were performed in these patients. Comparisons of imaging metrics were made between baseline and follow-up using paired t-test.@*Results@#In the longitudinal comparisons, the brain structure (GM volume of the right precentral gyri, left postcentral gyri, and right thalami) and perfusion (CBF of the bilateral temporal poles, left precentral gyri, postcentral gyri, and right middle temporal gyri) in both motor and extramotor areas at follow-up were impaired to different extents when compared with those at baseline (all P < 0.05, false discovery rate adjusted). Functional connectivity was increased in the motor areas (fALFF of the right precentral gyri and superior frontal gyri, and ReHo of right precentral gyri) and decreased in the extramotor areas (fALFF of the bilateral middle frontal gyri and ReHo of the right precuneus and cingulate gyri) (all P < 0.001, unadjusted). No significant changes were detected in terms of brain WM measures.@*Conclusion@#Multimodal MRI could be used to monitor short-term brain changes in ALS patients.

Signal classification by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging on neonatal punctate white matter lesions / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the significance of signal classification by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(including conventional MRI,diffusion imaging,and susceptibility-weighted imaging)on neonatal punctate white matter lesions(PWML).Methods Between March 2011 and February 2013,neonates with PWML who underwent 3.0T MRI examination were recruited.The routine protocols included T1 weighted imaging (T1WI),T2 weighted imaging(T2WI),diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and 3D-enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography(ESWAN).Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)map,magnitude image,and phase image were obtained from DTI and ESWAN,respectively.The signal of PWML was one-to-one observed on T1WI,T2WI, ADC map and magnitude image.The combined signals were classified and the number of cases of each type was counted.Results Totally 84 neonates with PWML were included(preterm/term,47/37).Seven signal types were found and classified into three groups: ① Type Ⅰ was the most,59 cases,accounting for 70.24%,with the performance of high-signal intensity on T1WI,low-signal intensity on T2WI,low-signal intensity on ADC map,and high-signal intensity on magnitude image. ② Type Ⅱ,7 cases,accounting for 8.33%,high-signal intensity on T1WI,low-signal intensity on T2WI,low-signal intensity on ADC map,and low-signal intensity on magnitude image.③ Type Ⅲ - Ⅶ,26 cases,accounting for 30.95%,high-signal intensity on T1WI,low/iso-signal intensity on T2WI,low/iso-signal intensity on ADC map,high/iso-signal intensity on magnitude image.There was no significant difference in the incidence of different signal types between preterm and full-term PWML neonates. Conclusion Magnetic resonance signal may reflect the characteristics of PWML lesions.Signal classification of PWML by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in determining injury type and has certain significance in guiding clinical treatment.

The traumatic penumbra of brain injury treated with RNAi:a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the dynamic images of traumatic penumbra(TP)in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI)treated with AQP4-RNAi using multimodal MRI(MM-MRI)at 7.0 Tesla.Methods A rat model of TBI was established by the improved Feeney's method.MRI scans were performed including T2WI,DWI,ADC and SWI.The pathological changes in penumbra area were observed.All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 software package.Results Over time rs-T2WI,rs-DWI and rs-SWI in TBI group were gradually increased.The r-ADC began to increase at one hour after trauma and reached the peak at 6 h. Then it began to fall and reached the bottom at 12 h.At each time point,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with RNA interference group,the rs-T2WI and rs-DWI in TBI group were decreased significantly at 6 h and 12 h(P<0.05),the r-ADC was not decreased significantly at 1 h(P>0.05)and decreased significantly at 6 h and 12 h(P<0.05).At each time point,there was no significant difference in rs-SWI(P>0.05).The area of mismatch between rs-SWI and rs-DWI was the most obvious at 6 h and 12 h,and the area of mismatch was decreased in size after treatment with AQP4-RNAi.There was no significant difference between TBI group and placebo group(P>0.05).In two groups,similar pathological changes were observed,which was depicted as vasogenic edema predominantly at 1 h and mixed edema at 6 h and 12 h. In RNA interference group,intracellular edema was markedly reduced at 6 h and 12 h,and the vasogenic edema was relieved to some extent at 12 h.Conclusion The treatment with APQ4-RNAi markedly alleviates cerebral edema.MM-MRI can reflect its pathological changes.The area of mismatch between SWI and DWI can prompt early detection of traumatic penumbra,which may provide useful information for clinical treatment.

Advances in imaging research of the central nervous system in painful diabetic neuropathy / 医学研究生学报

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) seriously affects the patients′life quality, while the exact pathogenesis is un-known.Increasing number of evidences show that these patients have pathological changes of the central nervous system .Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging can noninvasively detect changes in the structure and function of the central nervous system , and become a new means to study the disease mechanisms .This article reviews the central mechanisms of PDN as well as multimodal magnetic reso -nance imaging findings that patients with PDN exist thalamic nerve dysfunction , increased thalamic blood flow , volume reduction of so-matosensory cortical gray matter , the default network and attention network destruction , and so on .

Advances in imaging research of the central nervous system in painful diabetic neuropathy / 医学研究生学报

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) seriously affects the patients′life quality, while the exact pathogenesis is un-known.Increasing number of evidences show that these patients have pathological changes of the central nervous system .Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging can noninvasively detect changes in the structure and function of the central nervous system , and become a new means to study the disease mechanisms .This article reviews the central mechanisms of PDN as well as multimodal magnetic reso -nance imaging findings that patients with PDN exist thalamic nerve dysfunction , increased thalamic blood flow , volume reduction of so-matosensory cortical gray matter , the default network and attention network destruction , and so on .